Computer Fundamentals

Computer-Fundamentals

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Table of Contents

Research & Summarize

Computer Architecture

Cloud architecture encompasses the intricate interplay and connectivity between several elements of cloud technology, including hardware, virtual resources, software capabilities, and virtual network systems, which collectively give rise to the creation of cloud computing environments (cloud.google.com, 2023; Vmware.com, 2023).

Programming 

Cloud computing enables developers to rapidly provision new resources as needed, facilitating efficient prototyping and deployment of novel applications (Schleier-Smith, et al., 2021; Buyya, et al., 2013; Sadeeq, et al., 2021). Cloud computing offers cost-saving benefits for developers by reducing expenses related to hardware and software procurement.

Databases

Cloud computing has brought about the emergence of cloud databases, which are database services that are constructed and accessible via a cloud computing platform (ibm.com et al., 2023; Deep, et al., 2019). The system performs numerous comparable tasks to those of a conventional database, while also offering the additional advantage of cloud computing (e.g. scalability; data warehousing, security, backup and disaster recovery), hence enhancing its flexibility (Bhatti, and Rad, 2017).

Operating Systems

The emergence of cloud computing has been accompanied by the advent of a Web operating system (WOS). A WOS is a user interface that grants users access to various programmes and applications, which are hosted either fully or partially on the Internet (Zain, et al., 2023; Zhang, et al., 2017). Although it may appear similar to a traditional operating system, it does not directly interface with the physical components of the system (Bello, et al., 2021).

Networking

Cloud computing is presently being utilised to offer IT help to consumers and businesses through the means of social media or internet-based platforms. However, cloud computing is raising concerns regarding network security risks as the services are primarily provided by third-party entities (Patil, et al., 2019; Qi, and Tao, 2019; Zhang, et al., 2020).

Computer Security

Cloud computing has numerous advantages for the management of risks, including but not limited to scalability, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and creativity which allow one to actively change one’s approach to deal with any possible threat that may have come to light, for instance being able to scale up cloud-based risks management system following a surge in consumer data (linkedin.com, et al., 2023; Ouda, ET AL., 2022; Mugunthan, 2019). Cloud services enable users to conveniently access and effectively manage their data and systems without limitations of location, time, or device. In the case of increasing security it offers measures including encryption, active monitoring, and access control to strengthen security  (Mugunthan, 2019).

Virtualization

Cloud computing leverages virtualization technology to offer a flexible backend infrastructure capable of rapidly adjusting its capacity in response to varying workloads (Sharma, 2023; Bhardwaj, and Krishna, 2021). Cloud computing offers substantial advantages for both service providers and service users (Shukur, et al., 2020). For one, the provider can use cloud computing as a means to reduce overall costs as the cloud makes it so that they no longer need to both purchase and maintain onside hardware/software (Basil, et al., 2022). To that end, the users enjoy a more affordable service as the provider no longer needs to entertain additional running costs.

Ethics/Crime

Cloud service providers are responsible for the storage of a significant volume of data, which encompasses both sensitive personal and financial information. The aforementioned data possesses significant vulnerability to cybercriminals, hence necessitating cloud providers to assume the task of safeguarding it (Xu, et al., 2022; de Bruin, and Floridi, 2017; Rogers, and Duranti, 2017). A good example of a higher level of service requirement would be electronic health records (EHRs) where there is a higher degree of accountability required considering the medical history of individuals such as information about family ailments, allergies, medical conditions, mental health records, and more can be found (Basil, et al., 2022). Such systems are meant to uphold the doctor patient confidentiality privilege thus can lead to legal liabilities for the health care establishment if information leaks.

Comparison Table

Research

AI-Generated

 

Computer Architecture:

Cloud architecture encompasses the intricate interplay and connectivity between several elements of cloud technology, including hardware, virtual resources, software capabilities, and virtual network systems, which collectively give rise to the creation of cloud computing environments (cloud.google.com, 2023).

Computer Architecture:

Cloud computing redefines traditional computer architectures by decentralizing data storage and processing.

Programming:

Cloud computing enables developers to rapidly provision new resources as needed, facilitating efficient prototyping and deployment of novel applications. Additionally, this feature facilitates the seamless adjustment of programmes to accommodate varying demands, eliminating the need for manual management of the underlying infrastructure (Schleier-Smith, et al., 2021).

 

Programming:

Cloud computing introduces new paradigms for software development, encouraging the use of distributed systems, microservices, and APIs. Developers can leverage cloud-native tools and services, leading to more efficient, scalable, and accessible applications.

Databases:

Cloud computing has brought about the emergence of cloud databases, which are database services that are constructed and accessible via a cloud computing platform (ibm.com et al., 2023). The system performs numerous comparable tasks to those of a conventional database, while also offering the additional advantage of cloud computing, hence enhancing its flexibility.

Databases:

Cloud computing significantly influences database management. It enables various database types (relational, NoSQL) to be hosted and managed in the cloud.

Operating Systems:

The emergence of cloud computing has been accompanied by the advent of a Web operating system (WOS). A WOS is a user interface that grants users access to various programmes and applications, which are hosted either fully or partially on the Internet (Zain, et al., 2023).

Operating Systems:

Cloud computing minimizes the dependency on specific operating systems. Users access resources through the internet, making the underlying operating system less critical.

Networking:

Cloud computing is presently being utilised to offer IT help to consumers and businesses through the means of social media or internet-based platforms. However, cloud computing is raising concerns regarding network security risks as the services are primarily provided by third-party entities. This phenomenon leads to challenges in managing privacy and ensuring data security.

Networking:

Cloud computing heavily relies on robust networking infrastructures. It has led to the evolution of networking practices, emphasizing reliability, security, and high-speed data transmission to support cloud-based services and applications.

Computer Security:

Cloud computing has numerous advantages for the management of risks, including but not limited to scalability, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and creativity (linkedin.com, et al., 2023; Ouda, ET AL., 2022). Cloud services enable users to conveniently access and effectively manage their data and systems without limitations of location, time, or device.

Computer Security:

While cloud computing offers numerous benefits, it raises security concerns such as data breaches, unauthorized access, and compliance issues. Security measures, including encryption, access controls, and monitoring, are essential to safeguard data and infrastructure in the cloud.

Virtualization:

Cloud computing leverages virtualization technology to offer a flexible backend infrastructure capable of rapidly adjusting its capacity in response to varying workloads (Sharma, 2023). Cloud computing offers substantial advantages for both service providers and service users.

Virtualization:

Virtualization is a fundamental aspect of cloud computing. It allows the creation of multiple virtual environments on a single physical machine, enabling better resource utilization, flexibility, and easier management of workloads.

Ethics/Crime:

Cloud service providers are responsible for the storage of a significant volume of data, which encompasses both sensitive personal and financial information. The aforementioned data possesses significant vulnerability to cybercriminals, hence necessitating cloud providers to assume the task of safeguarding it (Xu, et al., 2022).

Ethics/Crime:

Cloud computing has ethical implications in terms of data privacy, ownership, and fair usage. Concerns regarding data protection, surveillance, and the responsible use of AI and machine learning algorithms are raised.

Analysis

The material offered from the LLM AI is quite general and does not provide any particular examples of the impacts it outlines. They are also seen to be surface level, not fit to be considered for a detailed assessment or academic paper. On the other hand, all of the research answers have specific examples, detailed ideas and showcase a deeper understand of the topic.

In addition, the AI content is notably limited in regards to quantity. The program only offered a brief understanding of the topics, something that can easily confuse researchers or mislead them into viewing the technology as being less impressive or useful then it is in practical application. This is not to say that there is no overlap between the two answers, or that the AI has produced wrong ideas. While the quality of the information is questionable, there is not much that could be viewed as being incorrect or misrepresentation of the information outright. Rather it would be best described as a short summary of the actual information on the various sections of technology that is influenced by cloud computing.

AI Recommendations

  1. It is recommended that LLM AI are only used as initial study aids or as a means to simplify complicated topics. LLM’s do not offer detailed understanding of a topic or concept only offering surface level ideas, thus it can only aid a student to a certain degree and not act as a complete substitute for proper research.
  2. Another recommendation is to consider learning about prompts that should be used to generate information.
  3. In addition to the use of the tool, researching about its limitations is vital. For instance, in the case of ChatGPT the software is unable to access the most recent information about any given topic.

Appendix

AI Exploration

The following information was AI generated using the prompt “assess the impact Cloud computing has had on the following” where I made a list of all the sectors that were provided within the instructions. The tool providing the following information;

Cloud computing redefines traditional computer architectures by decentralizing data storage and processing. Cloud computing introduces new paradigms for software development, encouraging the use of distributed systems, microservices, and APIs. Developers can leverage cloud-native tools and services, leading to more efficient, scalable, and accessible applications. Security measures, including encryption, access controls, and monitoring, are essential to safeguard data and infrastructure in the cloud. Virtualization is a fundamental aspect of cloud computing. It allows the creation of multiple virtual environments on a single physical machine, enabling better resource utilization, flexibility, and easier management of workloads. Cloud computing has ethical implications in terms of data privacy, ownership, and fair usage. Concerns regarding data protection, surveillance, and the responsible use of AI and machine learning algorithms are raised. Additionally, cybercrime related to cloud services, including data breaches, unauthorized access, and service disruptions, is a significant challenge.

Resources

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Bello, S.A., Oyedele, L.O., Akinade, O.O., Bilal, M., Delgado, J.M.D., Akanbi, L.A., Ajayi, A.O. and Owolabi, H.A., 2021. Cloud computing in construction industry: Use cases, benefits and challenges. Automation in Construction, 122, p.103441.

Bhardwaj, A. and Krishna, C.R., 2021. Virtualization in cloud computing: Moving from hypervisor to containerization—a survey. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 46(9), pp.8585-8601.

Bhatti, H.J. and Rad, B.B., 2017. Databases in Cloud Computing: A literature review. International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science, 9(4), pp.9-17.

Buyya, R., Vecchiola, C. and Selvi, S.T., 2013. Mastering cloud computing: foundations and applications programming. Newnes.

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de Bruin, B. and Floridi, L., 2017. The ethics of cloud computing. Science and engineering ethics, 23, pp.21-39.

Deep, G., Mohana, R., Nayyar, A., Sanjeevikumar, P. and Hossain, E., 2019. Authentication protocol for cloud databases using blockchain mechanism. Sensors, 19(20), p.4444.

ibm.com., 2023. What is a cloud database? Retrieved from: https://www.ibm.com/topics/cloud-database

linkedin.com., 2023. What are the emerging risks and opportunities of cloud computing and cybersecurity for risk management? Retrieved from: https://www.linkedin.com/advice/3/what-emerging-risks-opportunities-cloud-computing

Mugunthan, S.R., 2019. Soft computing based autonomous low rate DDOS attack detection and security for cloud computing. Journal of Soft Computing Paradigm, 1(2), pp.80-90.

Odun-Ayo, I., Ananya, M., Agono, F. and Goddy-Worlu, R., 2018, July. Cloud computing architecture: A critical analysis. In 2018 18th international conference on computational science and applications (ICCSA) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.

Patil, R., Dudeja, H. and Modi, C., 2019. Designing an efficient security framework for detecting intrusions in virtual network of cloud computing. Computers & Security, 85, pp.402-422.

Qi, Q. and Tao, F., 2019. A smart manufacturing service system based on edge computing, fog computing, and cloud computing. IEEE access, 7, pp.86769-86777.

Rogers, C. and Duranti, L., 2017. Ethics in the Cloud. Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies, 4(2), p.2.

Sadeeq, M.M., Abdulkareem, N.M., Zeebaree, S.R., Ahmed, D.M., Sami, A.S. and Zebari, R.R., 2021. IoT and Cloud computing issues, challenges and opportunities: A review. Qubahan Academic Journal, 1(2), pp.1-7.

Schleier-Smith, J., Sreekanti, V., Khandelwal, A., Carreira, J., Yadwadkar, N.J., Popa, R.A., Gonzalez, J.E., Stoica, I. and Patterson, D.A., 2021. What serverless computing is and should become: The next phase of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM, 64(5), pp.76-84.

Sharma, R. M., 2023. The Impact of Virtualization in Cloud Computing. Retrieved from: https://www.ijrdet.com/files/Volume3Issue1/IJRDET_0714_33.pdf

Shukur, H., Zeebaree, S., Zebari, R., Zeebaree, D., Ahmed, O. and Salih, A., 2020. Cloud computing virtualization of resources allocation for distributed systems. Journal of Applied Science and Technology Trends, 1(3), pp.98-105.

Vmware.com., 2023. What is Cloud Architecture? Retrieved from: https://www.vmware.com/topics/glossary/content/cloud-architecture.html

Xu, Z., Cheng, C. and Sugumaran, V., 2020. Big data analytics of crime prevention and control based on image processing upon cloud computing. J Surveill Secur Saf, 1, pp.16-33.

Zain Tahir, M.A. and Fatima, M., 2015. Cloud computing influence on operating system. Sci. Int.(Lahore), 27(1), pp.225-230.

Zain, T., Muhammad, A., et al., 2023. CLOUD COMPUTING INFLUENCE ON OPERATING SYSTEM. Retrieved from: http://www.sci-int.com/pdf/15644638011%20a%20225-230-Zain%20Tahir-IT–UET–LAHORE.pdf

Zhang, J., Xiong, Y., Xu, N., Shu, R., Li, B., Cheng, P., Chen, G. and Moscibroda, T., 2017, September. The Feniks FPGA operating system for cloud computing. In Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems (pp. 1-7).

Zhang, Y., Lan, X., Ren, J. and Cai, L., 2020. Efficient computing resource sharing for mobile edge-cloud computing networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 28(3), pp.1227-1240.